Linear Functional Analysis PDF

This book provides an introduction to the ideas and methods of linear func- tional analysis at a level appropriate to the final year of an undergraduate course at a British university.

The prerequisites for reading it are a standard undergraduate knowledge of linear algebra and real analysis (including the the- ory of metric spaces).

Part of the development of functional analysis can be traced to attempts to find a suitable framework in which to discuss differential and integral equa- tions.

Often, the appropriate setting turned out to be a vector space of real or complex-valued functions defined on some set.

In general, such a vector space is infinite-dimensional.

This leads to difficulties in that, although many of the elementary properties of finite-dimensional vector spaces hold in infinite- dimensional vector spaces, many others do not.

For example, in general infinite- dimensional vector spaces there is no framework in which to make sense of an- alytic concepts such as convergence and continuity.

Nevertheless, on the spaces of most interest to us there is often a norm (which extends the idea of the length of a vector to a somewhat more abstract setting).

Since a norm on a vector space gives rise to a metric on the space, it is now possible to do analysis in the space.

As real or complex-valued functions are often called functionals, the term functional analysis came to be used for this topic.

We now briefly outline the contents of the book.