Gender Differences at Critical Transitions in the Careers of Science, Engineering, and Mathematics Faculty Hardback

Gender Differences at Critical Transitions in the Careers of Science, Engineering, and Mathematics Faculty presents new and surprising findings about career differences between female and male full-time, tenure-track, and tenured faculty in science, engineering, and mathematics at the nation's top research universities.

Much of this congressionally mandated book is based on two unique surveys of faculty and departments at major U.S. research universities in six fields: biology, chemistry, civil engineering, electrical engineering, mathematics, and physics.

A departmental survey collected information on departmental policies, recent tenure and promotion cases, and recent hires in almost 500 departments.

A faculty survey gathered information from a stratified, random sample of about 1,800 faculty on demographic characteristics, employment experiences, the allocation of institutional resources such as laboratory space, professional activities, and scholarly productivity. This book paints a timely picture of the status of female faculty at top universities, clarifies whether male and female faculty have similar opportunities to advance and succeed in academia, challenges some commonly held views, and poses several questions still in need of answers.

This book will be of special interest to university administrators and faculty, graduate students, policy makers, professional and academic societies, federal funding agencies, and others concerned with the vitality of the U.S. research base and economy. Table of ContentsFront MatterSummary1 Introduction2 Status of Women in Academic Science and Engineering in 2004 and20053 Gender Differences in Academic Hiring4 Professional Activities, Institutional Resources, Climate, andOutcomes5 Gender Differences in Tenure and Promotion6 Key Findings and RecommendationsAppendixesAppendix 1-1: Biographical Information on Committee MembersAppendix 1-2: List of Research I InstitutionsAppendix 1-3: Committee Meeting AgendaAppendix 1-4: The SurveysAppendix 1-5: Survey InstrumentsAppendix 1-6: Departments in SurveyAppendix 2-1: Review of Literature and Relevant ResearchAppendix 2-2: Previous Research on Factors Contributing to GenderDifferences Among FacultyAppendix 3-1: Review of Literature and Research on FactorsAssociated with a Higher Proportion of Female ApplicantsAppendix 3-2: Estimated Adjusted Mean Effects and Differences forthe Probability That There Are No Female ApplicantsAppendix 3-3: Estimated Adjusted Mean Effects and Differences Basedon the Modeled Probability of the Percentage of Applicants That AreFemaleAppendix 3-4: Estimated Adjusted Mean Effects and Differences Basedon the Modeled Probability of at Least One Female CandidateInterviewedAppendix 3-5: Doctoral Degrees Awarded by All Doctoral-GrantingInstitutions, by Field, Gender, and YearAppendix 3-6: Doctoral Degrees Awarded by Discipline and Gender forResearch I Institutions, 1999-2003Appendix 3-7: Marginal Mean and Variance of Transformed ResponseVariablesAppendix 3-8: Main Considerations for Taking a Position by Numberof Respondents Saying "Yes"Appendix 4-1: Distribution of Undergraduate Course Load for Facultyby Gender and DisciplineAppendix 4-2: Percentage of Faculty Members Who Do No GraduateTeachingAppendix 4-3: Percentage of Faculty Members Receiving a ReducedTeaching Load When HiredAppendix 4-4: Percentage of Faculty Members Who Served on anUndergraduate Thesis or Honors CommitteeAppendix 4-5: Percentage of Faculty Members Who Served on andChaired an Undergraduate Thesis or Honors CommitteeAppendix 4-6: Distribution of Number of Graduate Thesis or HonorsCommittees for Research I Tenure and Tenure-Track Faculty:Men/WomenAppendix 4-7: Percentage of Time Spent in Administration orCommittee Work on Campus and Service to the Profession Outside theUniversity for Tenured and Tenure-Track Faculty at Research IInstitutions: Men/WomenAppendix 4-8: Distribution of Number of Service Committees forResearch I Tenure and Tenure-Track Faculty: Men/WomenAppendix 4-9: Mean Salary by Gender and Professorial Rank forTenure and Tenure-Track Faculty in Research I InstitutionsAppendix 4-10: Percentage of Tenured and Tenure-Track Faculty inResearch I Institutions Receiving Summer SupportAppendix 4-11: Percentage of Tenured and Tenure-Track Faculty inResearch I Institutions Receiving Travel FundsAppendix 4-12: Median Square Footage of Lab Space of Faculty WhoReport Doing Experimental WorkAppendix 4-13: Faculty Who Have Received More Lab Space Since Hire(Values Are Percentages)Appendix 4-14: Percentage of Tenured and Tenure-Track Faculty inResearch I Institutions Receiving Sufficient EquipmentAppendix 4-15: Number of Postdoctorate Students for Tenured andTenure-Track Faculty in Research I Institutions (presented by Menand Women)Appendix 4-16: Percentage of Tenured and Tenure-Track Faculty inResearch I Institutions Receiving Sufficient Clerical SupportAppendix 4-17: Percentage of Faculty Members Stating That They Hada MentorAppendix 4-18: Distribution of the Number of Graduate Students forTenured and Tenure-Track Faculty in Research I Institutions(presented by Men and Women)Appendix 4-19: Mean Number of Articles Published in RefereedJournals (sole and co-authored) Over the Past 3 Years for Tenuredand Tenure-Track Faculty in Research I InstitutionsAppendix 4-20a: Estimated Probability of Having Grant Funding byDiscipline, Gender, and Whether the Faculty Member Has an AssignedMentor - Assistant Professors OnlyAppendix 4-20b: Estimated Probability of Having Grant Funding byDiscipline, Gender, and Whether the Faculty Member Has an AssignedMentor - Associate Professors OnlyAppendix 4-21: Percentage of Faculty Missing Salary Data by Genderand DisciplineAppendix 4-22: Percentage of Tenured and Tenure-Track Faculty atResearch I Institutions That Were Nominated for at Least One AwardAppendix 4-23: Percentage of Tenured and Tenure-Track Research IFaculty with Offers to LeaveAppendix 4-24: Percentage of Tenured and Tenure-Track Faculty atResearch I Institutions Planning to Leave or RetireAppendix 5-1: Knowledge of Tenure Procedures by Gender, Rank, andPresence of a MentorAppendix 5-2: Detailed Tenure Information from Departmental SurveyAppendix 5-3: Time Spent in Both Assistant and AssociateProfessorshipsAppendix 5-4: Years Between Starting Employment and AchievingAssociate Professor Status, by GenderAppendix 5-5: Years Between Starting Employment and Achieving FullProfessor Status, by GenderAppendix 5-6: Patterns of Nonresponse for Tenure DecisionsAppendix 5-7: Patterns of Nonresponse for Promotion DecisionsBibliographyIndex