In Vitro Culture of Higher Plants Hardback

16. 2. Techniques 141 16. 3. Factors affecting the success of embryo culture 143 16. 4. Practical applications . . 146 17. Germination of orchid seeds ...149 17. 1. Introduction ...149 17. 2. Factors affecting germination and growth 154 18. Vegetative propagation of orchids 159 18. 1. Introduction ...159 18. 2. Meristem culture ...161 18. 2. 1. Production of virus-free plants 161 18. 2. 2. Propagation through meristem culture 162 18. 3. Other methods of propagation 165 18. 4. Variation arising during culture 166 18. 5. Practical applications ...167 19. Production of disease-free plants 169 19. 1. Introduction ...169 19. 2. Production of virus-free plants 171 19. 2. 1. Heat treatment . 171 19. 2. 2. Meristem culture . 172 19. 2. 2. 1. History ...172 19. 2. 2. 2. Accomplishment 174 19. 2. 3. Heat treatment and meristem culture 177 19. 2. 4. Adventitious shoot formation, eventually followed by - ristem culture ...177 19. 2. 5. Virus-free plants produced from callus and protoplasts. 178 19. 2. 6. Grafting of meristems on virus-free (seedling) rootstocks (micrografting) ...179 19. 2. 7. Virus identification ...179 19. 3. Production of bacteria- and fungal-free plants by meristem culture ...180 20.

Vegetative propagation 183 20. 1. General introduction 183 20. 2. Single-node culture . 190 20. 3. The axillary bud method 194 20. 4. Regeneration of explants 200 20. 4. 1. Introduction ...200 20. 4. 2. Adventitious root formation 203 20. 4. 3. Adventitious shoot formation 209 III 20. 5.