Performance Evaluation of Complex Systems - Techniques and Tools : Performance 2002 - Tutorial Lectures Paperback

Thefastevolutionandtheincreasedpervasivenessofcomputersandcom- nicationnetworkshaveledtothedevelopmentofalargevarietyofcomplex applicationsandserviceswhichhavebecomeanintegralpartofourdailylives.

Modernsocietywidelyreliesoninformationtechnologies. Hence,theQuality ofService,thatis,thee?ciency,availability,reliability,andsecurityofthese technologies,isanessentialrequirementfortheproperfunctioningofmodern society.

Inthisscenario,performanceevaluationplaysacentralrole.

Performance evaluationhastoassessandpredicttheperformanceofhardwareandsoftware systems,andtoidentifyandpreventtheircurrentandfutureperformancebo- lenecks.

Inthepastthirtyyears,manyperformanceevaluationtechniquesandtools havebeendevelopedandsuccessfullyappliedinstudiesdealingwiththec- ?gurationandcapacityplanningofexistingsystemsandwiththedesignand developmentofnewsystems.

Recently,performanceevaluationtechniqueshave evolvedtocopewiththeincreasedcomplexityofthecurrentsystemsandtheir workloads.

Manyoftheclassicaltechniqueshavebeenrevisitedinlightofthe recenttechnologicaladvances,andnoveltechniques,methods,andtoolshave beendeveloped. Thisbookisorganizedaroundasetofsurveypaperswhichprovideac- prehensiveoverviewofthetheories,techniques,andtoolsforperformanceand reliabilityevaluationofcurrentandnewemergingtechnologies.

Thepapers,by leadinginternationalexpertsinthe?eldofperformanceevaluation,arebasedon thetutorialspresentedattheIFIPWG7. 3InternationalSymposiumonCom- terModeling,Measurement,andEvaluation(Performance2002)heldinRome onSeptember23-27,2002.

Thepapersaddressthestateoftheartofthetheoreticalandmethodological advancesintheareaofperformanceandreliabilityevaluationaswellasnew perspectivesinthemajorapplicationdomains.

Abroadspectrumoftopicsis coveredinthisbook. Modelingandveri?cationformalisms,solutionmethods, workloadcharacterization,andbenchmarkingareaddressedfromametho- logicalpointofview.

Applicationsofperformanceandreliabilitytechniquesto variousdomains,suchas,hardwareandsoftwarearchitectures,wiredand- relessnetworks,Gridenvironments,Webservices,real-timevoiceandvideo applications,arealsoexamined.

Thisbookisintendedtoserveasareferenceforstudents,scientists,and- gineersworkingintheareasofperformanceandreliabilityevaluation,hardware andsoftwaredesign,andcapacityplanning. VI Preface Finally,aseditorsofthebook,wewouldliketothankallauthorsfortheir valuablecontributionsandtheire?ortandcooperationinthepreparationof theirmanuscripts.

July2002 MariaCarlaCalzarossa SalvatoreTucci TableofContents G-Networks:MultipleClassesofPositiveCustomers,Signals,and ProductFormResults ...1 ErolGelenbe SpectralExpansionSolutionsforMarkov-ModulatedQueues ...17 IsiMitrani M/G/1-TypeMarkovProcesses:ATutorial ...36 AlmaRiska,EvgeniaSmirni AnAlgorithmicApproachtoStochasticBounds ...64 J.

M. Fourneau,N. Pekergin DynamicSchedulingviaPolymatroidOptimization...89 DavidD.

Yao WorkloadModelingforPerformanceEvaluation...114 DrorG.

Feitelson CapacityPlanningforWebServices(TechniquesandMethodology) ...142 VirgilioA.

F. Almeida End-to-EndPerformanceofWebServices ...158 PaoloCremonesi,GiuseppeSerazzi Benchmarking...179 ReinholdWeicker BenchmarkingModelsandToolsforDistributedWeb-ServerSystems...208 MauroAndreolini,ValeriaCardellini,MicheleColajanni StochasticProcessAlgebra:FromanAlgebraicFormalismtoan ArchitecturalDescriptionLanguage ...236 MarcoBernardo,LorenzoDonatiello,PaoloCiancarini AutomatedPerformanceandDependabilityEvaluationUsingModel Checking ...261 ChristelBaier,BoudewijnHaverkort,HolgerHermanns, Joost-PieterKatoen Measurement-BasedAnalysisofSystemDependabilityUsingFault InjectionandFieldFailureData ...290 RavishankarK.

Iyer,ZbigniewKalbarczyk VIII TableofContents SoftwareReliabilityandRejuvenation:ModelingandAnalysis...318 KishorS.

Trivedi,KalyanaramanVaidyanathan PerformanceValidationofMobileSoftwareArchitectures ...346 VincenzoGrassi,VittorioCortellessa,Ra?aelaMirandola PerformanceIssuesofMultimediaApplications ...374 EdmundodeSouzaeSilva,RosaM.

M. Le"ao,BerthierRibeiro-Neto, S'ergioCampos MarkovianModelingofRealDataTra?c:HeuristicPhaseTypeand MAPFittingofHeavyTailedandFractalLikeSamples...405 Andr'asHorv'ath,Mikl'osTelek OptimizationofBandwidthandEnergyConsumptioninWireless LocalAreaNetworks ...435 MarcoConti,EnricoGregori ServiceCentricComputing-27,2002.

Thepapersaddressthestateoftheartofthetheoreticalandmethodological advancesintheareaofperformanceandreliabilityevaluationaswellasnew perspectivesinthemajorapplicationdomains.

Abroadspectrumoftopicsis coveredinthisbook. Modelingandveri?cationformalisms,solutionmethods, workloadcharacterization,andbenchmarkingareaddressedfromametho- logicalpointofview. Applicationsofperformanceandreliabilitytechniquesto variousdomains,suchas,hardwareandsoftwarearchitectures,wiredand- relessnetworks,Gridenvironments,Webservices,real-timevoiceandvideo applications,arealsoexamined.

Thisbookisintendedtoserveasareferenceforstudents,scientists,and- gineersworkingintheareasofperformanceandreliabilityevaluation,hardware andsoftwaredesign,andcapacityplanning.

VI Preface Finally,aseditorsofthebook,wewouldliketothankallauthorsfortheir valuablecontributionsandtheire?ortandcooperationinthepreparationof theirmanuscripts.

July2002 MariaCarlaCalzarossa SalvatoreTucci TableofContents G-Networks:MultipleClassesofPositiveCustomers,Signals,and ProductFormResults ...1 ErolGelenbe SpectralExpansionSolutionsforMarkov-ModulatedQueues ...17 IsiMitrani M/G/1-TypeMarkovProcesses:ATutorial ...36 AlmaRiska,EvgeniaSmirni AnAlgorithmicApproachtoStochasticBounds ...64 J.

M. Fourneau,N. Pekergin DynamicSchedulingviaPolymatroidOptimization...89 DavidD.

Yao WorkloadModelingforPerformanceEvaluation...114 DrorG.

Feitelson CapacityPlanningforWebServices(TechniquesandMethodology) ...142 VirgilioA.

F. Almeida End-to-EndPerformanceofWebServices ...158 PaoloCremonesi,GiuseppeSerazzi Benchmarking...179 ReinholdWeicker BenchmarkingModelsandToolsforDistributedWeb-ServerSystems...208 MauroAndreolini,ValeriaCardellini,MicheleColajanni StochasticProcessAlgebra:FromanAlgebraicFormalismtoan ArchitecturalDescriptionLanguage ...236 MarcoBernardo,LorenzoDonatiello,PaoloCiancarini AutomatedPerformanceandDependabilityEvaluationUsingModel Checking ...261 ChristelBaier,BoudewijnHaverkort,HolgerHermanns, Joost-PieterKatoen Measurement-BasedAnalysisofSystemDependabilityUsingFault InjectionandFieldFailureData ...290 RavishankarK.

Iyer,ZbigniewKalbarczyk VIII TableofContents SoftwareReliabilityandRejuvenation:ModelingandAnalysis...318 KishorS.

Trivedi,KalyanaramanVaidyanathan PerformanceValidationofMobileSoftwareArchitectures ...346 VincenzoGrassi,VittorioCortellessa,Ra?aelaMirandola PerformanceIssuesofMultimediaApplications ...374 EdmundodeSouzaeSilva,RosaM.

M. Le"ao,BerthierRibeiro-Neto, S'ergioCampos MarkovianModelingofRealDataTra?c:HeuristicPhaseTypeand MAPFittingofHeavyTailedandFractalLikeSamples...405 Andr'asHorv'ath,Mikl'osTelek OptimizationofBandwidthandEnergyConsumptioninWireless LocalAreaNetworks ...435 MarcoConti,EnricoGregori ServiceCentricComputing-NextGenerationInternetComputing...463 JerryRolia,RichFriedrich,ChandrakantPatel EuropeanDataGridProject:ExperiencesofDeployingaLargeScale TestbedforE-scienceApplications ...480 FabrizioGagliardi,BobJones,MarioReale,StephenBurke AuthorIndex ...501 G-Networks: Multiple Classes of Positive Customers, Signals, and Product Form Results Erol Gelenbe SchoolofElectricalEngineeringandComputerScience UniversityofCentralFlorida Orlando,FL32816 erol@cs. ucf. edu Abstract. ThepurposeofthistutorialpresentationistointroduceG- Networks,orGelenbeNetworks,whichareproductformqueueingn- works which include normal or positive customers, as well as negative customers which destroy other customers, and triggers which displace othercustomersfromonequeuetoanother.

Wederivethebalanceeq- tionsforthesemodelsinthecontextofmultiplecustomerclasses,show the product form results, and exhibit the tra?c equations which - in thiscase,contrarytoBCMPandJacksonnetworks-arenon-linear.

This leadstointerestingissuesofexistenceanduniquenessofthesteady-state solution. GelenbeNetworkcanbeusedtomodellargescalecomputers- temsandnetworksinwhichsignalingfunctionsrepresentedbynegative customersandtriggersareusedtoachieve?owandcongestioncontrol. 1 Introduction In this survey and tutorial, we discuss a class of queueing networks, originally inspired by our work on neural networks, in which customers are either "signals" or positive customers.